Nayanars and Alvars Bhakti Movement in South India
Nayanars and Alvars Bhakti Movement in South India
A new kind of Bhakti in South India Nayanars and Alvars: The Bhakti Movement started in South India in the beginning of the medieval Period.The Nayanars and the Alvar saints popularised this movements The Nayanars were the worshippers of Shiva and the Alvars were devoted to Vishnu.
Bhakti is the total surrender of the self to god; it is the expression of extreme love for god without expecting anything in .return. The seventh to ninth centuries saw the emergence of new religious movements, led by the Nayanars (saints devoted to shiva) and Alvars (saints devoted to Vishnu). They travelled from place to place singing hymns in praise of different gods. Who came from all castes including those considered “untouchable” like the pulaiyar and the panars. They were sharply critical of the Buddhists and Jainas and preached ardent love of Shiva or Vishnu as the path to salvation. They drew upon the ideals of love and heroism as found in the Sangam literature the values of bhakti.
There were 63 Nayanars, who belonged to different caste backgrounds such as potters,"untouchables", workers,peasants,hunters,soldiers,Brahmanas and chiefs.The best known among them were Appar, Sambandar,Sundarar and Manikkavasagar. There are two seats of complications of their songs Tevaram and Tiruvacakam.
There were 12 Alvars , who came from equally divergent backgrounds , the best known being Periyalvar , his daughter Andal ,Tondaradippodi Alvar and Nammalvar .Their songs were compiled in the Divya Prabandham.
The devotees of Vishnu are called Vaishnavas . They popularised the various incarnations of lord Vishnu,including Rama and Krishna.
The vaishnava saint Ramanuja too spread the message of Bhakti In south India .He urged people to leave themselves completely in the hands of God .He preached that by loving god and doing good deeds, the soul could be saved .He gave Bhakti (devotional to God) more importance than knowledge .He also preached the equality of all human beings and spoke against the practice of not allowing the lower castes to enter the temples.
Slowly, the Bhakti Movement Spread towards the other parts of India in both Saguna and Nirguna forms.
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